Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndiukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri m'maiko ambiri omwe akufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wochokera kumagulu awo amagetsi, ndipo mphamvu zokhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi zatsala pang'ono kukula zaka zikubwerazi.
Kuyika magetsi a sola kukuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi pomwe mayiko akuyesetsa kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezera komanso kuyesa kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wochokera kumagetsi.
Pamodzi ndi mphepo, solar photovoltaic (PV) ndiyomwe imakhazikitsidwa kwambiri ndi matekinoloje otsika kwambiri a carbon carbon, ndipo pamene ikukula pamlingo, mtengo wa chitukuko ukutsika.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zidayikidwa kumapeto kwa 2019 zidakwana pafupifupi 627 gigawatts (GW) padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi International Energy Agency (IEA), solar ili m'njira yoti ikhazikitse zolemba zatsopano zapadziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse pambuyo pa 2022, ndi avareji ya 125 GW ya mphamvu zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa 2021 ndi 2025.
M'badwo wa Solar PV udakwera 22% mu 2019, ndikuyimira kukula kwachiwiri pakukula kwamatekinoloje onse ongowonjezedwanso, kuseri kwa mphepo komanso kutsogolo kwa magetsi a hydro, malinga ndi bungweli.
Mu 2020, pafupifupi 107 GW ya mphamvu yowonjezera ya dzuwa idabweretsedwa pa intaneti padziko lonse lapansi, ndi 117 GW ina ikuyembekezeka mu 2021.
China ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wamagetsi oyendera dzuwa, ndipo pomwe dzikolo likupanga mapulani oletsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni chaka cha 2060 chisanafike, ntchitoyo ikuyenera kuchulukirachulukira pazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi.
Koma madera padziko lonse lapansi akuwonjezeranso mphamvu zawo zoyendera dzuwa, ndipo apa tikuwonetsa mayiko asanu apamwamba kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwazomwe adayika kuyambira chaka cha 2019.
Maiko asanu apamwamba kwambiri amphamvu ya solar mu 2019
1. China - 205 GW
China ili ndi zombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zoyika mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa, zoyezedwa pa 205 GW mu 2019, malinga ndi lipoti la IEA's Renewables 2020.
M’chaka chomwecho, mphamvu zopangira magetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu ya dzuwa zinakwana maola 223.8 a terawatt (TWh) m’dzikoli.
Ngakhale kuti ndi imodzi mwazambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kukula kwake kwachuma chaku China kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zake zazikulu zimatha kutengera zombo zazikulu kwambiri za malasha komanso zongowonjezwdwa padziko lapansi.
Thandizo la boma linalimbikitsa ntchito m'gululi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2010, ngakhale ndalama zothandizira ntchito zamalonda tsopano zathetsedwa chifukwa cha mpikisano wotsatsa malonda.
Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yoyendera dzuwa ku China ndi Huanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park (2.2 GW) m'chigawo cha Qinghai.
2. United States - 76 GW
US inali ndi mphamvu yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu 2019, yokwana 76 GW ndikupanga 93.1 TWh yamagetsi.
Pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, kuyimitsidwa kwa dzuwa ku US kukuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi 419 GW pomwe dzikolo likufulumizitsa mphamvu zake zoyera komanso kuyesa kutulutsa mphamvu zake zonse pofika chaka cha 2035.
Mapulojekiti ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu akuwongolera makampani oyendera dzuwa ku US, pomwe California, Texas, Florida ndi Virginia ndi ena mwa mayiko omwe akugwira ntchito kwambiri pamsika wapanyumba.
Chomwe chimapangitsa kukula ku US ndi malamulo a renewable portfolio standards (RPS) omwe amakakamiza ogulitsa magetsi kuti azipereka gawo limodzi la magetsi otengedwa kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa.Kutsika kwamitengo yotumizira anthu ntchito komanso misonkho yoyenera kwalimbikitsanso kukula m'zaka zaposachedwa.
3. Japan - 63.2 GW
Japan ili pachitatu pakati pa mayiko omwe ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yoyendera dzuwa, okhala ndi zombo zonse zokwana 63.2 GW mu 2019, malinga ndi data ya IEA, yomwe ikupanga 74.1 TWh yamagetsi.
Magwero ena amphamvu monga dzuwa ndi zina zowonjezera zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri kuyambira ngozi ya nyukiliya ya Fukushima mu 2011, yomwe inachititsa kuti dzikolo lichepetse kwambiri ntchito zake za nyukiliya.
Japan yagwiritsa ntchito njira za feed-in-tariff (FiT) kuti zilimbikitse kutumizidwa kwaukadaulo wa solar kuti zitheke, komabe msika wa solar PV ukuyembekezeka kutsika pang'ono pazaka zikubwerazi.
Zowonjezera za PV za ku Japan zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi mgwirizano kuyambira 2022, makamaka chifukwa cha kutha kwa dongosolo la FiT lantchito zazikulu komanso osalembetsa pang'ono m'misika yam'mbuyomu, ikutero IEA.
Komabe, mphamvu za dzuwa zomwe zayikidwa ku Japan zitha kuyandikira 100 GW pofika 2025 kutengera mfundo za boma komanso kutsika kwamitengo.
4. Germany - 49.2 GW
Germany ndiye dziko lotsogola ku Europe pakutumiza kwa dzuwa, ndi zombo zapadziko lonse lapansi zokwana 49.2 GW mu 2019, ndikupanga 47.5 TWh yamagetsi.
Malonda ampikisano akulitsa bizinesiyo m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo boma la Germany posachedwapa likufuna kukulitsa cholinga chake cha 2030 chokhazikitsa solar mpaka 100 GW popeza ikufuna gawo la 65% la zongowonjezeranso pakusakaniza kwake kwamagetsi kumapeto kwa zaka khumi.
Makhazikitsidwe ang'onoang'ono, achinsinsi ndi ofala ku Germany, molimbikitsidwa ndi njira zothandizira aboma monga malipiro ochulukitsa, pomwe ntchito zothandizira zikuyembekezeka kukula m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Pulojekiti yayikulu kwambiri yoyendera dzuwa mpaka pano ndi malo a 187-megawatt (MW) Weesow-Wilmersdorf kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Berlin, yomwe idapangidwa ndi kampani yaku Germany ya EnBW.
5. India - 38 GW
India ili ndi dziko lachisanu padziko lonse lapansi lokhala ndi mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa, zokwana 38 GW mu 2019, ndikupanga 54 TWh yamagetsi.
Kufunika kwa mphamvu ku India kukuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri kuposa dera lina lililonse m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, ndipo, monga dziko lachitatu padziko lonse lapansi lotulutsa mpweya, mfundo zikupangidwa kuti zichotse dzikolo kuchoka kumafuta oyambira pansi ngati malasha m'malo mwa zongowonjezera.
Zolinga za boma zikuphatikiza 450 GW ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa pofika 2030, ndipo mphamvu ya dzuwa ikuyembekezeka kukhala yofunika kwambiri pakufunaku.
Pofika chaka cha 2040, IEA ikuyembekeza kuti dzuwa lidzakhala ndi gawo la 31% la kusakaniza kwamagetsi ku India malinga ndi zolinga zomwe zanenedwa pano, poyerekeza ndi zosakwana 4% lero.
Bungweli limatchula "kupikisana kwapadera kwa mtengo wa dzuwa" ku India monga mphamvu yoyendetsera kusintha kumeneku, "yomwe imapikisana ndi mphamvu ya malasha yomwe ilipo pofika chaka cha 2030 ngakhale itaphatikizidwa ndi kusungirako batri".
Komabe, zolepheretsa kutumizirana ma gridi ndi zovuta zopezera nthaka ziyenera kuthetsedwa kuti zithandizire kupititsa patsogolo msika wamagetsi adzuwa ku India m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-07-2022