Dziko lapansi likufunika mphamvu zambiri, makamaka m'mawonekedwe oyera komanso ongowonjezwdwa.Njira zathu zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi panopa zimapangidwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion - pamphepete mwa teknoloji yotere - koma kodi tingayembekezere chiyani m'zaka zikubwerazi?
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zoyambira za batri.Batire ndi paketi ya maselo amodzi kapena angapo, omwe ali ndi electrode yabwino (cathode), electrode negative (anode), olekanitsa ndi electrolyte.Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana pa izi zimakhudza mphamvu ya batri - kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zingasunge ndi kutulutsa, mphamvu zotani zomwe zingapereke kapena kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe zingathe kutulutsidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa (zomwe zimatchedwanso mphamvu ya njinga).
Makampani opanga mabatire akuyesa nthawi zonse kuti apeze ma chemistries omwe ndi otsika mtengo, owonda, opepuka komanso amphamvu kwambiri.Tinalankhula ndi a Patrick Bernard - Saft Research Director, yemwe adalongosola matekinoloje atatu atsopano a batri omwe amatha kusintha.
MABATI YA NEW GENERATION LITHIUM-ION
Ndi chiyani?
Mu mabatire a lithiamu-ion (li-ion), kusungirako mphamvu ndi kumasulidwa kumaperekedwa ndi kayendedwe ka lithiamu ion kuchokera ku zabwino kupita ku electrode yoyipa mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kudzera mu electrolyte.Muukadaulo uwu, ma elekitirodi abwino amakhala ngati gwero loyambira la lithiamu komanso ma elekitirodi olakwika ngati omwe ali ndi lithiamu.Mafakitale angapo amasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa dzina la mabatire a li-ion, chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zakusankhidwa ndi kukhathamiritsa pafupi ndi ungwiro wa zida zabwino komanso zoyipa zogwira ntchito.Lithiated metal oxides kapena phosphates ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zida zabwino zomwe zilipo.Graphite, komanso graphite/silicon kapena lithiated titaniyamu okusayidi ntchito ngati zipangizo zoipa.
Ndi zipangizo zenizeni ndi mapangidwe a maselo, teknoloji ya li-ion ikuyembekezeka kufika malire a mphamvu m'zaka zikubwerazi.Komabe, kupezedwa kwaposachedwa kwa mabanja atsopano azinthu zosokoneza kuyenera kutsegulira malire omwe alipo.Mankhwalawa amatha kusunga lithiamu yambiri mu ma electrode abwino ndi oipa ndipo adzalola kwa nthawi yoyamba kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi mphamvu.Kuonjezera apo, ndi mankhwala atsopanowa, kusowa ndi kutsutsa kwa zipangizo zamakono kumaganiziridwanso.
Kodi ubwino wake ndi wotani?
Masiku ano, pakati pa matekinoloje onse osungiramo zinthu zakale, teknoloji ya batri ya li-ion imalola mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ya mphamvu.Zochita monga kuthamanga kwachangu kapena zenera logwira ntchito kutentha (-50 ° C mpaka 125 ° C) zitha kukonzedwa bwino ndi kusankha kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe a cell ndi ma chemistries.Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire a li-ion amawonetsa maubwino owonjezera monga kudziletsa otsika kwambiri komanso moyo wautali komanso machitidwe apanjinga, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala masauzande ambiri akuthamangitsa/kutulutsa.
Kodi tingayembekezere zimenezi liti?
Mbadwo watsopano wa mabatire apamwamba a li-ion ukuyembekezeka kutumizidwa kusanachitike m'badwo woyamba wa mabatire olimba.Adzakhala abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati Energy Storage Systemszongowonjezwdwandi transport (m'madzi, njanji,ndegendi kuyenda pamsewu) komwe mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu zazikulu ndi chitetezo ndizovomerezeka.
MABATI YA LITHIUM-SULUFUR
Ndi chiyani?
M'mabatire a li-ion, ma ion a lithiamu amasungidwa muzinthu zogwira ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati zokhazikika zokhazikika panthawi yolipira ndi kutulutsa.M'mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure (Li-S), palibe zomangira.Pamene akutulutsa, lithiamu anode imadyedwa ndipo sulfure imasandulika kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala;pakulipiritsa, njira yosinthira imachitika.
Kodi ubwino wake ndi wotani?
Batire ya Li-S imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopepuka kwambiri: sulfure mu elekitirodi yabwino ndi chitsulo cha lithiamu ngati electrode yoyipa.Ichi ndichifukwa chake kachulukidwe kake kamphamvu kamphamvu kamakhala kokwera kwambiri: kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa lithiamu-ion.Izi zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa mafakitale oyendetsa ndege ndi mlengalenga.
Saft yasankha ndikukonda ukadaulo wa Li-S wodalirika kwambiri kutengera ma electrolyte olimba.Njira yaukadaulo iyi imabweretsa kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, kukhala ndi moyo wautali ndikugonjetsa zovuta zazikulu zamadzimadzi zochokera ku Li-S (moyo wocheperako, kudziletsa kwambiri, ...).
Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo uwu ndiwowonjezera ku lifiyamu-ion yolimba chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu za gravimetric (+ 30% yomwe ili pachiwopsezo mu Wh/kg).
Kodi tingayembekezere zimenezi liti?
Zotchinga zazikulu zaukadaulo zathetsedwa kale ndipo kukula kukupita patsogolo mwachangu kupita ku ma prototypes onse.
Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna moyo wautali wa batri, ukadaulo uwu ukuyembekezeka kufika pamsika pakangotha lifiyamu-ion yolimba.
MABATIRE OLIMBA ALI
Ndi chiyani?
Mabatire a boma olimba amayimira kusintha kwa paradigm pankhani yaukadaulo.M'mabatire amakono a li-ion, ma ion amasuntha kuchoka ku elekitirodi imodzi kupita ku ina kudutsa electrolyte yamadzimadzi (yotchedwanso ionic conductivity).Mu mabatire onse olimba a boma, electrolyte yamadzimadzi imalowetsedwa ndi gulu lolimba lomwe limalola ma ion a lithiamu kusamuka mkati mwake.Lingaliro ili siliri latsopano, koma pazaka 10 zapitazi - chifukwa cha kafukufuku wozama padziko lonse lapansi - mabanja atsopano a ma electrolyte olimba apezeka ndi ma ionic conductivity apamwamba kwambiri, ofanana ndi electrolyte yamadzimadzi, kulola chotchinga chaukadaulo ichi kugonjetsedwe.
Lero,SaftKafukufuku & Ntchito Zachitukuko zimayang'ana pamitundu iwiri yayikulu: ma polima ndi ma inorganic compounds, omwe amayang'ana kuphatikizika kwazinthu zama physico-chemical monga processability, bata, conductivity ...
Kodi ubwino wake ndi wotani?
Ubwino waukulu woyamba ndikuwongolera kwachitetezo pama cell ndi batri: ma electrolyte olimba samatha kuyaka akatenthedwa, mosiyana ndi anzawo amadzimadzi.Chachiwiri, amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti denser, mabatire opepuka okhala ndi alumali bwino chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamadzimadzi.Kuphatikiza apo, pamlingo wamakina, ibweretsa zabwino zina monga makina osavuta komanso kasamalidwe kamafuta ndi chitetezo.
Popeza mabatire amatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kulemera kwake, akhoza kukhala abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi.
Kodi tingayembekezere zimenezi liti?
Mitundu ingapo ya mabatire a boma olimba akuyembekezeka kubwera pamsika pomwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kukupitilira.Yoyamba idzakhala mabatire olimba a boma okhala ndi anode opangidwa ndi graphite, kubweretsa kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi chitetezo.M'kupita kwa nthawi, matekinoloje opepuka a batri olimba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za lithiamu anode ayenera kupezeka pamalonda.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-03-2022